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Google Chrome

Kısaca: Google Chrome, Google tarafından geliştirilen bir ağ tarayıcısıdır. Adını çizgesel (grafiksel) kullanıcı ara yüzünden almaktadır. ...devamı ☟

Google Chrome
Google Chrome

Google Chrome, Google tarafından geliştirilen, açık kaynak kodlu bir ağ tarayıcısıdır. Adını çizgesel (grafiksel) kullanıcı ara yüzünden almaktadır. Chromium ise Google Chrome'un arkasındaki açık kaynak kodlu tasarıya verilen isimdir. Yasarı BSD Lisans altında yürütülmektedir. Microsoft Windows için geliştirilen beta sürümü 2 Eylül 2008 tarihinde, 43 farklı dilde kullanıma sunulmuştur. Mac OS X ve Linux sürümleri geliştirilmeye devam edilmektedir.}}} ==TarihçeDuyurular Orijinal duyuru tarihi 3 Eylül 2008 olan bu yeni tarayıcının özelliklerini ve nedenini açıklayan, Scott McCloud tarafından yaratılan karikatür gazetecilere ve bloglara gönderilmiştir.} Avrupa için hazırlanan kopyalar Philipp Lenssen'nin Google Blogoscoped'da yer almıştır} 38 sayfalık karikatür 1 Eylül 2008 tarihinden itibaren sayfalarında yer almaktadır.} Hemen ardında Google, Google Books adıyla karikatürleri kendi sitesinde yayınlamaya başladı.} Ve resmi blogunda erken duyuru açıklamasıyla birlikte bundan bahsetti.}

Beta Sürümü

Microsoft Windows için Beta sürüm 2 Eylül 2008'de, 43 dilde kullanıma sunuldu. Google, diğer işletim sistemleri için de uygulamanın kısa zamanda tamamlanacağını ifade etmektedir. 3 Eylül'de, Slashdot haberlerinde;} drew attention to a passage in the terms of service for the initial beta release, which seemed to grant to Google a license to all content transferred via the Chrome browser."By submitting, posting or displaying the content you give Google a perpetual, irrevocable, worldwide, royalty-free, and non-exclusive license to reproduce, adapt, modify, translate, publish, publicly perform, publicly display and distribute any content which you submit, post or display on or through, the services." } The passage in question was inherited from the general Google terms of service. Google Terms of Service The Register summarized the passage as "Your copyright goes up in smoke." Burned by Chrome On the same day, Google responded to this criticism by stating that the language used was borrowed from other products, and removed the passage in question from the Terms of Service.} Google noted that this change would "apply retroactively to all users who have downloaded Google Chrome."} Google Chrome'un ilk sürümü Acid1 ve Acid2 testlerinden geçmiştir fakat Acid3 testi uygulanmamıştır; Ne var ki, aldığı puan 78/100, Internet Explorer 7 ve Firefox 3'den daha yüksektir. Ayrıca Acid3 testini birkaç defa tekrarlandığında 76-79/100 arası farklı sonuçlar veren ilk tarayıcıdır. } ==Dizayn== Öncelikli tasarlanma amaçları, varolan görüntüleyiciler arasında güvenliği geliştirmek, hız ve kararlılığı sağlamak. Bunlarla beraber geniş bir kullanıcı arayüzü değişimi yapılmıştır. Chrome, Google ve Netscape gibi diğer üçüncü parti yazılımlardan oluşan 26 farklı kod kütüphanesinden oluşturulmuştur. Code reuse in Google Chrome Browser

Güvenlik

Chrome periyodik olarak iki adet karalisteyi (phishing ve malware) güncellemektedir. Ve kullanıcılar zararlı siteleri ziyaret etmeyi denediklerinde onları uyarır. Bu hizmet diğer kullanıcılar tarafından, "Google Safe Browsing API" adıyla anılan kamuya açık alan vasıtasıyla kullanılabilmektedir. Bu listelerin oluşturulma sürecinde Google ayrıca, zararlı yazılım uygulamaları bulunduran site sahiplerinin listesini bildirmektedir. Chrome'daki her sekme bir oyun alanıyla (sandbox) sınırlanmış kendine ait bir süreci vardır; böylece "kötü niyetli yazılımların kendini yüklemesinin" ve "bir sekmede olanların diğer sekmeyi etkilemesinin" önüne geçilmiş olur. En düşük yetki ilkesi gereğince, süreçlerin dosya yazma ve hassas bölgelerden (ör. belgeler, masaüstü) okuma hakları elinden alınmıştır †”Windows Vista üzerinde Internet Explorer 7 tarafından kullanılan "Güvenli Kip"te olduğu gibi. Sandbox Takımı "mevcut olan bu süreç sınırlandırmasını alıp bir hapishaneye çevirdiklerini" söylüyor}. Örneğin, bir sekmede çalışan kötü niyetli bir yazılım kredi kartı numaralarını sezemez, fare ile etkileşime geçemez, "Windows'a açılışta bir programı çalıştırmasını" söyleyemez ve sekme kapatılır kapatılmaz sonlandırılır. Bu, iki katmanlı (kullanıcı ve oyun alanı) güvenliğin olduğu ve oyun alanının yalnızca kullanıcı tarafından başlatılan isteklere cevap verebildiği basit bir bilgisayar güvenlik modelini şart koşar. Plugins such as Adobe Flash Player are typically not standardized and as such cannot be sandboxed like tabs. These often need to run at or above the security Kendi kendine güvenlik seviyesine sahip tarayıcı. To reduce exposure to attack, plugins are run in separate processes that communicate with the renderer, itself operating at "very low privileges" in dedicated per-tab processes. Plugins will need to be modified to operate within this software architecture while following the principle of least privilege. Chrome supports the Netscape Plugin Application Programming Interface (NPAPI),} Google Chrome FAQ for web developers but does not support the embedding of ActiveX controls. Also, Chrome does not have an extension system such as Mozilla-compatible *.xpi cross-platform extension architecture FAQ (Chromium Developer Documentation) and thus XPI-based extensions such as AdBlock and GreaseMonkey can not be adapted to Chrome.} Java 6.10 uygulamalarını desteklemektedir. (which is currently in Release Candidate testing.)} A private browsing feature called Incognito mode is provided as well. It prevents the browser from storing any history information or cookies from the websites visited. This is similar to the private browsing feature available in Apple's Safari and the latest beta version of Internet Explorer 8.}

Hız

The JavaScript virtual machine was considered a sufficiently important project to be split off (like Adobe/Mozilla's Tamarin) and handled by a separate team in Denmark. Existing implementations were designed "for small programs, where the performance and interactivity of the system weren't that important" but web applications like Gmail "are using the web browser to the fullest when it comes to DOM manipulations and Javascript". The resulting V8 JavaScript engine has features such as hidden class transitions, dynamic code generation, and precise garbage collection. Tests by Google show that V8 is about twice as fast as Firefox 3 and the Safari 4 beta.} Several websites have performed benchmark tests using the SunSpider JavaScript Benchmark[1] tool as well as Google's own set of computationally intense benchmarks, which includes ray tracing and constraint solving.} They unanimously report that it performs much faster than all competitors, including Safari, Firefox 3, Internet Explorer 7 and Internet Explorer 8.}}}} While Opera has not been compared to Chrome yet, in previous tests, it has been shown to perform a bit slower than Firefox 3, which in turn is slower than Chrome.}} Another blog post by a Mozilla developer comparing the Javascript engines in Firefox 3.1 & Chrome using the SunSpider test results states that some tests are faster in one engine and some are faster in the other.}

Kararlılık

The Gears team were considering a multithreaded browser (noting that a problem with existing web browser implementations was that they are inherently single-threaded) and Chrome implemented this concept with a multiprocessing architecture similar to the one developed by Opera in 1994}, or that was recently implemented by Internet Explorer 8}. A separate process is allocated to each tab or plugin.} This prevents tasks from interfering with each other, which is good for both security and stability; an attacker successfully gaining access to one application does not gain access to all, and failure in one application results in a Sad Tab screen of death, similar to the well-known Sad Mac. This strategy exacts a fixed per-process cost up front but results in less memory bloat overall as fragmentation is confined to each process and no longer results in further memory allocations.} Chrome features a process management utility called the Task Manager which allows the user to "see what sites are using the most memory, downloading the most bytes and abusing [2] CPU" (as well as the plugins which run in separate processes) and terminate them.

Uygulama desteği

A feature of the Google browser (in fact one of the main reasons it was created) is the Application Mode. This is a lot more than just hiding the omnibox (navigation bar). This allows web pages to break free of the restrictions of the current browser paradigm. The browser paradigm freely allows the user to reload a page, navigate away or close the window, which would be disastrous for an application that is editing sensitive content. Although this appears to be a minor change, the lack of this feature means that there is no mechanism to prevent the sudden loss of unsaved data (without a major investment in an far more complex AJAX architecture). Other features are still required such as desktop interaction, filetype support and database access. This limits the browser chrome so as not to "interrupt anything the user is trying to do", allowing web applications to run alongside local software (similar to Mozilla Prism and Fluid).

Kullanıcı arayüzü

Kullanıcı arayüzü

temel olarak geri, ileri, yenile, yer imi, git ve iptal opsiyonlarını içerir. Bu opsiyonlar Safari ile benzerdir. Ayarların lokasyonu ise Internet Explorer 7/8 ile benzeşmektedir. minimize, maksimize ve pencereyi kapatma butonlarında ise Windows Vista temel alınmıştır . Pencere en geniş olarak açılmadan,askı çubuğu ünvan çubuğu standart pencerelerin altında doğrudan görünür.When maximized, the title bar disappears and instead the tab bar is shown at the very top of the screen. Unlike other browsers such as Internet Explorer or Firefox which also have a full-screen mode that hides the operating system's interface completely, Chrome can only be maximized like a standard Windows application. Therefore, the Windows task bar, system tray and start menu link still take space at all times unless they have been configured to always hide. As opposed to the latest versions of Firefox and Internet Explorer which allow the user to adjust the display dimensions of a web page completely, Chrome allows the resizing of the text only. Therefore, a web page 800 pixels wide, for example, will still be 800 pixel wide even if the user resizes it. Only the text will be affected by the resizing. Chrome includes Gears which adds developer features that may or may not become web standards, typically relating to the building of web applications (including offline support). Chrome replaces the browser home page which is displayed when a new tab is created with a New Tab Page. This shows} thumbnails of the nine most visited web sites along with the sites most often searched, recent bookmarks and recently closed tabs. This concept appeared first with Opera's Speed Dial. The Omnibox is the URL box at the top of each tab, based on the one in Opera. It includes autocomplete functionality but will only autocomplete URLs that were manually entered (rather than all links), search suggestions, top pages (previously visited), popular pages (unvisited) and text search over history. Search engines can also be captured by the browser when used via the native user interface by pressing Tab. Popup windows "are scoped to the tab they came from" and will not appear outside the tab unless the user explicitly drags them out. Popup windows do not run in their own process. Chrome uses the WebKit rendering engine on advice from the Android team. Like most browsers, Chrome was extensively tested internally before release with unit testing, "automated user interface testing of scripted user actions" and fuzz testing, as well as WebKit's layout tests (99% of which Chrome is claimed to pass). New browser builds are automatically tested against tens of thousands of commonly accessed sites inside of the Google index within 20-30 minutes. Tab sekmeleri Chrome kullanıcı arayüzünün öncelikli bileşenidir ve pencerenin altında kontrol edilmektense, üstüne yerleştirilmiştir (Opera gibi). Bu ayrıntı, varolan windows tabanlı ve tab uygulaması içeren pek çok görüntüleyiciye zıttır. Sekmeler şeffaf biçimde pencerenin istenilen yerine, sürükleme yoluyla trasfer edilebilmektedir. Her sekmenin, omnibox (URL box) dahil kendine ait kontrolu bulunmaktadır. Varsayılan olarak, diğer browserlarda olan ve ekranın altında yer alan durum çubuğunun (status bar) aksine, durum çubuğu görüntülenmemektedir. Fakat, cursor bağlantının üzerine geldiğinde, bağlantının adresi ekranın sol alt köşesinde görüntülenir. ==Değerlendirme== The Daily Telegraph'dan Matthew Moore, programı ilk inceleyenlerden biri olarak şu değerlendirmeyi yapmıştır: "Google Chrome göz alıcı, hızlı ve etkileyici yeni özelliklere sahip fakat henüz Microsoft'u tehdit eden bir rakip değil."} Microsoft'dan yapılan açıklama: "Chrome tarafından gelen tehdit önemsenmemektedir" ve "pek çok insanın Internet Explorer 8'i kabulleneceklerini tahmin etmekteyiz." The Associated Press: Google polishes product line with Chrome browser Opera Software: "Chrome, en büyük uygulama platformu olarak Web'i güçlendirecektir." Mozilla ise Chrome'un web tarayıcı pazarına girmesinin sürpriz olmadığını ve Chrome'un Firefox'un rakibi olma gibi bir hedefi olmadığını belirtmektedir. Dahası bu durumun Google'ın, Firefox'u finanse etmesinde etkili olmaması gerektiğini söylemektedir. John's Blog, Thoughts on Chrome & More PC Pro: News: Mozilla: Google's not trying to kill us }

Gizlilik

Kullanıcılar, Chrome içinde veri toplaması konusunda (privacy) seslerini yükseltmektedir. Omnibar's auto-suggest özelliği, girilen anahtar sözcükleri Google'a veri olarak göndermektedir. Google yaptığı açıklamada, gönderilen verilerin yaklaşık %2'nin bilgisayarın IP adresleriyle birlikte depolandığını açıklamıştır. Google ayrıca, kullanıcıların auto-suggest özelliğini kapatmayı ya da kimlik saklamayı (Incognito) tercih edebileceklerini ifade etmektedir.}

Güvenlik

açıkları Çoklu güvenlik uzmanları, otomatik dosya indirme özelliğinin, Google Chrome ile varsayılan olarak ayarlanmış biçimde gelmesini eleştirmektedir. Bu durumun saldırganlar tarafından kötü amaçlı yazılım yüklemede kolayca kullanılabileceğini tartışmaktalar.} Hizmet yadsima saldirisi (DOS attack) karşısında savunmasız. Bu da tarayıcının, zararlı web sayfası karşısında tamamen çökmesine yol açmaktadır.} } Google Chrome geliştiricieri açığı doğrulamakta ve halihazırda SVN havuzunda açığı düzeltmeye devam etmekteler.}

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